Understanding Apps Android Messenger As Well As Aidl Of Concurrency Api 'Full Rootage Code Example'

Now nosotros conduct keep merely about other twenty-four hours to acquire something novel close the Service, Ok, let's brand something groovy to acquire to a greater extent than close the concurrency API services. In my lastly article, nosotros sympathise close Concurrency API of Service together with Intent Service together with Bound Service. In this article, nosotros volition acquire close services that piece of work Messenger together with AIDL techniques.

Bound Services (Messenger together with AIDL)

In this article, I focus on jump services that run inwards the background inwards dissimilar processes inwards a unmarried thread together with multi-threaded environment. If nosotros are talking close a unmarried thread to post messages inwards the queue, the starting fourth dimension matter that comes to hear is that of Messenger.

Messenger

Messenger volition procedure messages inwards dissimilar processes using the IPC (Inter Process Communication) remote command technique to communicate amongst clients together with servers. Messenger volition live added amongst the handler, thus all the tasks volition live inwards the queue procedure inwards a unmarried thread past times Handler.

To bind to what service y'all demand to practise past times passing a Messenger sample reference inwards the onBind () method together with forwarding the handler's reference piece creating a Messenger instance. Here the message volition live brought inwards bundle format amongst a powerful Messenger. Let's hold off for instance to create 1 service that runs inwards a dissimilar procedure past times using Messenger handled past times Handler.

world flat MyServiceIPC extends Service { world static terminal int JOB_1 = 1; world static terminal int JOB_RESPONSE_1 = 2; Messenger messenger = novel Messenger(new IncomingHandler()); @Nullable @Override world IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { provide messenger.getBinder(); } flat IncomingHandler extends Handler { @Override world void handleMessage(Message msg) { Message message; Bundle bundle = novel Bundle(); String messageText; switch (msg.what) { instance JOB_1: messageText = msg.getData().getString("message"); message = Message.obtain(null, JOB_RESPONSE_1); Toast.makeText(getApplicationContext(),messageText , Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); bundle.putString("message_res", messageText.toUpperCase()); message.setData(bundle); Messenger activityMessenger = msg.replyTo; endeavor { activityMessenger.send(message); } grab (RemoteException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } break; default: super.handleMessage(msg); } } } }

Now let's create an activity flat to bind this service to post a message to this server together with in 1 lawsuit once again resend this response from server to customer using Messenger procedure past times handler.

world flat BindServiceIPCActivity extends AppCompatActivity { soul Button btnSend; soul EditText editText; soul Messenger messenger; soul boolean isBound; soul terminal Messenger mActivityMessenger = novel Messenger( novel ResponseTakeHandler(this)); @Override protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_bind_ipc); editText = (EditText)findViewById(R.id.messageEditText); btnSend = (Button)findViewById(R.id.sendButton); btnSend.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override world void onClick(View v) { String messageText = editText.getText().toString(); if (messageText.isEmpty()){ Toast.makeText(BindServiceIPCActivity.this, "Please move into message", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); }else{ Message message = Message.obtain(null,MyServiceIPC.JOB_1); Bundle bundle = novel Bundle(); bundle.putString("message", messageText); message.setData(bundle); message.replyTo = mActivityMessenger; endeavor { messenger.send(message); } grab (RemoteException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } } } }); } @Override protected void onStart() { super.onStart(); if (!isBound) { // start service hither Intent intent = novel Intent(BindServiceIPCActivity.this, MyServiceIPC.class); bindService(intent, serviceConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE); } } @Override protected void onStop() { super.onStop(); isBound = false; messenger = null; } ServiceConnection serviceConnection = novel ServiceConnection() { @Override world void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) { messenger = novel Messenger(service); isBound = true; } @Override world void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) { isBound = false; messenger = null; } }; world flat ResponseTakeHandler extends Handler{ world ResponseTakeHandler(Context context){ } @Override world void handleMessage(Message msg) { switch (msg.what){ instance MyServiceIPC.JOB_RESPONSE_1: String lawsuit = msg.getData().getString("message_res"); Toast.makeText(BindServiceIPCActivity.this, "Response: "+result, Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show(); break; default: super.handleMessage(msg); } } } }

Here every bit good required the Service Connection to construct the connecter betwixt the customer together with the server. The handler volition procedure the response of Messenger together with update the user interface. But 1 to a greater extent than matter does non forget to add together this service inwards AndroidManifest.xml.



Messenger is awesome to communicate amongst server together with client. Let’s cheque how is AIDL industrial plant inwards dissimilar process.

AIDL

AIDL agency the android interface Definition language. It tin procedure whatsoever work remotely using IPC techniques. Android has a powerful machinery to communicate betwixt services together with clients through IPC techniques. AIDL processes information betwixt remote together with secure clients alone the things required for clients to live jump past times this service. Support AIDL to procedure generic information using Parcelable. Data processing through Parcelable is fast inwards IPC mechanism. Different procedure agency I am talking close communication betwixt 2 dissimilar applications.

Let's conduct keep a unproblematic give-and-take to create upward one's hear the IPC AIDL mechanism, suppose y'all reckon App1 every bit a remote server running an AIDL service. What is this service? it gets a listing of user information from the information tables together with processes to the customer or draw of piece of work organisation logic that gets the information from the customer together with performs merely about tasks together with responds dorsum to the customer (Meaning App2). Here the user model should live paired for fast communication.

I call back that's a big complex example, Let's give merely about other unproblematic instance to explain. I desire to multiply past times beingness given 2 numbers. I volition move past times 2 dissimilar numbers every bit input together with volition notify the AIDL service to provide the results inwards response to me. This is a unproblematic work hither but it tin require a lot of background tasks for the process, such every bit downloading good or video files from the server.

For communication amongst 2 dissimilar applications or processes, I demand to create an AIDL file inwards both packages of the same application. Why AIDL is required on the customer side volition every bit good brand a proxy re-create for remote access.

Let's create 2 dissimilar android studio projects for App1 together with App2.

// MultiplyNumberAidl.aidl bundle com.example.testapp; // Declare whatsoever non-default types hither amongst import statements interface MultiplyNumberAidl { int multiply(in int firstNumber, inwards int secondNumber); }

public flat AidlService extends Service{ @Nullable @Override world IBinder onBind(Intent intent) { provide novel MultiplyNumberAidl.Stub() { @Override world int multiply(int firstNumber, int secondNumber) throws RemoteException { provide (firstNumber * secondNumber); } }; } }

You demand to fix the construct together with sync to access the aidl file.

sourceSets { primary { aidl.srcDirs = ['src/main/aidl'] } }

Add the service inwards AndroidManifest.xml file.

<service android:name=".bindservice.ipc.aidl.AidlService" android:process=":remote"> <intent-filter> <action android:name="com.example.testapp.bindservice.ipc.aidl.MultiplyNumberAidl" /> </intent-filter> </service>

Now inwards App2, I volition endeavor to access the service to acquire the result. You demand to bind via explicit intent service amongst the customer past times ServiceConnection.

public flat MultiplyNumberAidlActivity extends AppCompatActivity { @BindView(R.id.editText_First) EditText firstNumEditText; @BindView(R.id.editText_Second) EditText secondNumEditText; @BindView(R.id.addButton) Button btnAdd; MultiplyNumberAidl aidlService; @Override protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) { super.onCreate(savedInstanceState); setContentView(R.layout.activity_aidl); ButterKnife.bind(this); initView(); } soul void initView() { btnAdd.setOnClickListener(new View.OnClickListener() { @Override world void onClick(View v) { String firstNumber = firstNumEditText.getText().toString().trim(); String secondNumber = secondNumEditText.getText().toString().trim(); int multiply= -1; if (firstNumber.isEmpty() && secondNumber.isEmpty()){ Toast.makeText(MultiplyNumberAidlActivity.this, "Please move into starting fourth dimension together with minute number.", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); }else{ endeavor { multiply = aidlService.multiply(Integer.valueOf(firstNumber), Integer.valueOf(secondNumber)); } grab (RemoteException e) { e.printStackTrace(); } Toast.makeText(MultiplyNumberAidlActivity.this, ""+multiply, Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show(); } } }); } @Override protected void onStart() { super.onStart(); Intent intent = novel Intent("com.example.testapp.bindservice.ipc.aidl.MultiplyNumberAidl"); Intent updateIntent = createExplicitFromImplicitIntent(MultiplyNumberAidlActivity.this, intent); bindService(updateIntent, serviceConnection, Context.BIND_AUTO_CREATE); } world static Intent createExplicitFromImplicitIntent(Context context, Intent implicitIntent) { //Retrieve all services that tin agree the given intent PackageManager pm = context.getPackageManager(); List resolveInfo = pm.queryIntentServices(implicitIntent, 0); //Make certain alone 1 agree was constitute if (resolveInfo == nada || resolveInfo.size() != 1) { provide null; } //Get ingredient information together with create ComponentName ResolveInfo serviceInfo = resolveInfo.get(0); String packageName = serviceInfo.serviceInfo.packageName; String className = serviceInfo.serviceInfo.name; ComponentName ingredient = novel ComponentName(packageName, className); //Create a novel intent. Use the onetime 1 for extras together with such reuse Intent explicitIntent = novel Intent(implicitIntent); //Set the ingredient to live explicit explicitIntent.setComponent(component); provide explicitIntent; } ServiceConnection serviceConnection = novel ServiceConnection() { @Override world void onServiceConnected(ComponentName name, IBinder service) { aidlService = MultiplyNumberAidl.Stub.asInterface(service); } @Override world void onServiceDisconnected(ComponentName name) { aidlService = null; } }; }

Here is the xml file.

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <relativelayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android" android:orientation="vertical" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="match_parent" android:padding="10dp"> <EditText android:maxLength="3" android:inputType="number" android:id="@+id/editText_First" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:hint="Enter First Number"/> <EditText android:maxLength="3" android:inputType="number" android:layout_marginTop="10dp" android:layout_below="@+id/editText_First" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:id="@+id/editText_Second" android:hint="Enter Second Number"/> <Button android:layout_marginTop="10dp" android:layout_below="@+id/editText_Second" android:layout_width="match_parent" android:layout_height="wrap_content" android:text="Multiply" android:id="@+id/addButton" android:background="@color/colorPrimary" android:textColor="#fff"/> </RelativeLayout>

Wow AIDL is the actually awesome characteristic of service that running inwards the background inwards multi-thread surroundings together with its IPC machinery is rattling potent to communicate remotely.

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